In the manner listed for residential buildings. The National Building Code provides detailed control regulations for other types of buildings. You are supposed to study these.In this section, the principal components of other types of buildings and their functions
are stated.
Educational Buildings
These have following principal components :
(i) Place to read or study - Class Rooms
(ii) Place to work - Library, Workshop, Liboratory
(iii) PIace for in-depth study - Tutorial Room, Library
(iv) Place for spending leisure time - Common Room, Canteen, Gaines Room,Gymnasium
(v) Place for faculty members - Teachers' Room, Principal's Room
(vi) Place for overall control - Administrative Office, Store
(vii) Games fields - Essential cocurricular activities
(viii)Toilets and first aid centre - Health care
Since the principal or major function of this type of building is to impart education, the class rooms, laboratories etc. should be given greater importance in planning for the purpose of ensuring natural light, natural landscape, intluence and view, venlillation etc.The subsidiary or secondary elements of the building can be grouped together if feasible,thus, giving a proper focus to the class rooms.Some suggested guidelines for such types of buildings are as follows :
(a) Adlmlistrative office ,and Principal's or Head's rooms should be near the elltrance to the building.
(b) Class room3 and other study rooms like tutorial rooms, library, laboratory etc.should be in the relatively silent zone away from noisy roads, play grounds and the like.
(c) Recreation roomsla)mn~on roomslcanteenlcafetarias should be away from the study areas.
(d) Toilets and drinking water fountains should be placed at prominently visiblc aid easily accessible are,?s/zones and distributed throughout the complex so as to be conveniently accessible.
Institutional Buildings
Buildlings oC this category compnse Nursing Hoines,Jlospitals. Research Stations. Public Libraries, Assembly Buildings etc. The development control rules for these buildings as given in National Buildings Code be studied.The functional elements of these buildings are as follows :
(A) Nursing Homes, Hospitals (small size)
(i)Spaces for doctors to exami~ie patients
(ii) Waiting space for visiting patients and their attendants, reception, billing uld cash counters
(iii) Dispensing room$ with an attached store for medicines etc.
(iv) Toilet facilities for visiting patients and separately for doctors
(v) Emergency rooms
(vi) Annexure for disposals, etc.
(B) Specialised Nursing Homes o r Large Hospitals
(i) Several rooms or wards to accoinmodate in-patients
(ii) O.P.D. hall to examine extenial and day-care patients
(lii) Pathological laboratories
(iv) Operation theatres along with preparation room, recovery room etc.
(v)Special wards for certain specific diseases
(vi) Adlninistrative wing
(vii) General store for medicines, surgical materials with arrangement for day-to-day dispensing
(viii) Kitchen with store for preparation of diet
(ix) Toilet facilities for different types of patients, for wards, staff and doctors etc.
(x)Canteen/cafetaria
(C) Teaching Hospital
A teaching hospital may have the following spaces, in addition,
(i)Offices for faculty members
(ii) Class roomllecture theatres
(111) Teaching and clinical laboratories
(iv) Students' coinmoroom
(v) Toilet facilities
(vi) Cruiteei~/cafetaria
While piamling these buildings, the following points be kept in mind :
(a)Wards in a hospital are of prinle importance.
(b) Rtn~~~~s/spaces/cubicles for doctors and nurses should be provided within or adjacent to each ward.
Aauriur~(c) There may be provision for separate cabins along with a ward. In such cases, attached toilets to the cabins are also to be provided. In certain types of specialised hospitals, cabins are also provided with extra room for attendantslvisitors.
(d) O.P.D. in a hospital is equally important like the wards. It should be near the entrance to the hospital. O.P.D. may or may not be adjacent to the wards.
(e) Emergency ward should have a quick accessibility from the outside as well as from an operation theatre.
(f) There should be some doctors' rooms in or near the O.P.D.
(D) Assembly Bulldings
(i) Congregation space or main entrance foyer
(ii) Aasemblylauditorium proper, with or without a balcony
(jii) Activity areas, namely stage, greeddressing rooms, back stage
(iv) Property storage for new or old furniture, locker room
(v) Snack bar or canteen
(vi) Ticket counter facility, if the building is put to commercial use
(vii) Toilet facilities for visitors and for stagelback-stage persons
The importance of relative positioning of the elements is outlined as follows
(a) That foyer and auditorium should he adjacent to each other so that access to them from either place is direct.
(b) Secondary functional spaces like ticket counters, snack bars, restaurants, toilers, wailing spaces may form part of the foyer or be attached to it.
(c) The entry of audience should be separate from that of performnerslartistes.
(d) Likewise wtisteslperformers should have independent entrylexit to green minsldressing rooms, and their toilet facilities etc.
(E) Library
(i) Stack rrwm for boaks, magazines etc.
(ii) Reading hall with facilities like lending colmter, catalogue space, space for reading joumalsl~azineslnewspapers, exhibition space for new books etc.
(iii) Space for repairing, binding etc. of todold books
(iv) Space for the librarian to sit and a general office
(v) Toilets
Following considerations are imponant in the planning of these spaces :
(a) Reading room is the most important area in a library.
(b) Stack rooms are generally combined with the r e a d i i hall unless the library itself is very large.
(c) Book binding and book repairing room should be clos'e to the stack room.
(d) Librarian9s/Asstt. Librarian's room or his cubicle should be located prominently within or close to the reading hall.
(F) Research Laboratory or Institution~est House
(i) Work rooms, laboratories
(ii) Storage for chemicals and general equipmenVinstnunents
(iii) Staff room
(iv) Administrative office
(v) Toilets
(vi) Disposal storage
The relatively important considerations in this regard art, given as below :(a) Laboratories are the most important functional elements. Therefore, these should be close to chemical stores, if appropriate in a given situation.(b) Administrative office and publiclclient dealing should be near the entrance.
(c) Staff rooms and utility rooms need not be near the entrance and may be placed such that these are near the laboratories.
Business Buildings
Buildings in this group would be banks, computerised officeslcomputer halls, offices of professionals, government offices and the like. Functional requirements of these categories of buildings would be :
(A) Hank
(i) Public space for movement, waiting and transactions,
(ii) Work space for bank staff
(iii) Strong room for valuables and cash
(iv) Individual office rooms for the manager and other senior personnel
(v) ~ockerlvaul~ room
(vi) Toilets
The important points to be considered while planning the layout of a bank are listed as below :
(a) Public-space and the work-space should be as near the entrance as possible to facilitate smooth contact between bank staff and the customers.
(b) Strong room, vaultAocker room and record room should be kept inside in a delineated security zone. These could be in the basement, if there is one, meant for the purpose.
(c) However, toilets are not to be provided in basement floor as per the bye-laws of various municipalities and local bodies.
(d) Manager's room should he easily accessible from the publiclwork space.
(e) Other officers' rooms may or may not be adjacent to the publiclwork space, depending on the site-lay out, size etc.
(B) Offices of Professionals
(i) Working space for staff
(ii) Cubicles or rooms for managerial staff
(iii) Record room
(iv) Conference room
(v) Storage room
(vi) Library, if not a part of the conference room
(vii) Toilets
(viii) Utility room (tea/rniscellaneous storage)
Mercantile Buildings
Buildings in this group are shops, stores, marketslcooperative stores, canteens,restaurants etc. Functional requirements of each of these are as given under :
(A) Shop
(i) Storage and display spaces
(ii) Sales counters
(iii) Public space in front of cash counters
(iv) Toilet facilities for staff and customers
(v) Utility rooms including packaginglrepackaging areas
(B) Stores
(i) Rooms for storing different types of articles
(ii) Loading and unloading space
(iii) Office rooms
(iv) Staff rooms
(v) Toilets
(vi) Weighing and packaging rooms
(C) Marketslcooperative Stores
(i) Rooms for individual shops with accompanying storage facility for each room
(ii) Display counters
(iii) Movement space for customers
(iv) Walk-in and pick-up facility for purchasers
(v) Office room
(vi) Toilet
(vii) Weighing and packaging rooms(D) Canteens/Restaurants
(i) Dining tables and seating facility for customers with adequate circulation space
(ii) Cooking area with accompanying storage space including cold storage
(iii) Display space (food counters) specially for self-service cafetarias
(iv) Washing area for customers
(v) Washing space within or adjacent to kitchen for soiled utensils
(vi) Toilets for staff and customers
(vii) Staff rest room
The additional points to be noted with regard to mercantile buildings are given below Shops
(a) Display space should obviously be near the entrance. It may at times be required to be visible from outside to attract customers.
(b) Cash counter may or may not be with the sales counter. Stores
(a) Loading and unloading space may or may not be at the main entry
(b) Loading and unloading may be carried out from the same locations, or they may be separated as per requirement.
(c) Office room should be near the entry point
MarkeVCooperative Stores
(a) Rooms for similar articles should preferably be continuous/adjacent to each other, within the same cluster.
(b) Pick-up facility is provided only where self-service system is in vogue. Canteenmestaurant
(a) Customers' sitting place should be of prime importance. It should be oearer to the entrancelexit.
(b) Food counters should obviously be near the seating area specially where there is a system of self-service.
(c) Cooking area as well as washing place of utensils should not be visible from the customers' area.
(d) Toilet facilities for customers and workers should be separated, preferably not adjacent to each other.
Industrial Buildings
The spaces required to carry out the activities may vary from industry to industry. But, in general; such buildings contain the following units :
(i) Large production halls, as many as necessary
(ii) Storage of raw materials, including chemicals (if needed)
(iii) Storage forfinished goods and packaging area
(iv) Areas for checlung and testing arrangements within the production line
(v) Offices for management, cash and acco*ts
(vi) First aid centre and medical offiker's room
(vii) Toilet facilities for staff and management
(viii) Spaces for receiving and despatching of goods
For these type of buildings the following may be noted :
(a) Storage of raw material should preferably be' near the production area for quick movement.
(b) Checking and testing (quality control) area may have to be provided near both the raw material stores as well as finished goods stores, specially for export oriented products where customs checking is also required.
(c) Finished goods storage (which is generally kept under greater security) should preferably be closer to the production hall for reduced carriagellraisport costs.
(d) Cash office is generally provided in a closed and secured enclosure adjacent to the room of the officer in charge of cash.
Storage Buildings
This group includes grain godowns, silos, cargo complexes, bulk storages for consumcr durables. medicine godowns and others. Their requirements would be as given under :
(i) Large storage roornslhalls for the different materials including cold-storage rooms for perishables, chemical etc.
(ii) Air-conditioning plant room
(iii) Loading and unloading spaces
(iv) Bays for inventory check-up and weightinglinspection facilities
(v) Receipt and despatch rooms
(vi) Offices
(vii) Toilets
(viii) Foyerslfront room/staff rest rooms
For these type of buildings, the following points may be noted
(a) As already indicated for stores, loading and unloading areas may be at the same location or may be kept at separate locations as needed.
(b) Office should as usual be near the entry.
(c) Receipt and inventory check-up should be near to each other or in the same enclosure.
(d) Air-conditioning plant room should be given similar consideration as mentioned for computer installations.
Hazardous Buildings
In this group, the general requirements are as given under :
(i) Storage rooms for different types of toxic/obnoxious/dangerous materials
(ii) Testing laboratories and disposal plantslareas
(iii) Air-conditioning plant room
(iv) Administrative offices
(v) Toilets
(vi) Staff rest rooms including canteen facilities
The important points to be considered in the planning of this category of buildings are as given below :
(a) Storage of toxic material should be given careful protection as provided in the relevant Acts and Laws concerning the same.
(b) Such store should preferably be kept in a separate building.
(c) Adequate moving space around for fire engines should be provided, besides fire fighting systems for this group of buildings.
are stated.
Educational Buildings
These have following principal components :
(i) Place to read or study - Class Rooms
(ii) Place to work - Library, Workshop, Liboratory
(iii) PIace for in-depth study - Tutorial Room, Library
(iv) Place for spending leisure time - Common Room, Canteen, Gaines Room,Gymnasium
(v) Place for faculty members - Teachers' Room, Principal's Room
(vi) Place for overall control - Administrative Office, Store
(vii) Games fields - Essential cocurricular activities
(viii)Toilets and first aid centre - Health care
Since the principal or major function of this type of building is to impart education, the class rooms, laboratories etc. should be given greater importance in planning for the purpose of ensuring natural light, natural landscape, intluence and view, venlillation etc.The subsidiary or secondary elements of the building can be grouped together if feasible,thus, giving a proper focus to the class rooms.Some suggested guidelines for such types of buildings are as follows :
(a) Adlmlistrative office ,and Principal's or Head's rooms should be near the elltrance to the building.
(b) Class room3 and other study rooms like tutorial rooms, library, laboratory etc.should be in the relatively silent zone away from noisy roads, play grounds and the like.
(c) Recreation roomsla)mn~on roomslcanteenlcafetarias should be away from the study areas.
(d) Toilets and drinking water fountains should be placed at prominently visiblc aid easily accessible are,?s/zones and distributed throughout the complex so as to be conveniently accessible.
Institutional Buildings
Buildlings oC this category compnse Nursing Hoines,Jlospitals. Research Stations. Public Libraries, Assembly Buildings etc. The development control rules for these buildings as given in National Buildings Code be studied.The functional elements of these buildings are as follows :
(A) Nursing Homes, Hospitals (small size)
(i)Spaces for doctors to exami~ie patients
(ii) Waiting space for visiting patients and their attendants, reception, billing uld cash counters
(iii) Dispensing room$ with an attached store for medicines etc.
(iv) Toilet facilities for visiting patients and separately for doctors
(v) Emergency rooms
(vi) Annexure for disposals, etc.
(B) Specialised Nursing Homes o r Large Hospitals
(i) Several rooms or wards to accoinmodate in-patients
(ii) O.P.D. hall to examine extenial and day-care patients
(lii) Pathological laboratories
(iv) Operation theatres along with preparation room, recovery room etc.
(v)Special wards for certain specific diseases
(vi) Adlninistrative wing
(vii) General store for medicines, surgical materials with arrangement for day-to-day dispensing
(viii) Kitchen with store for preparation of diet
(ix) Toilet facilities for different types of patients, for wards, staff and doctors etc.
(x)Canteen/cafetaria
(C) Teaching Hospital
A teaching hospital may have the following spaces, in addition,
(i)Offices for faculty members
(ii) Class roomllecture theatres
(111) Teaching and clinical laboratories
(iv) Students' coinmoroom
(v) Toilet facilities
(vi) Cruiteei~/cafetaria
While piamling these buildings, the following points be kept in mind :
(a)Wards in a hospital are of prinle importance.
(b) Rtn~~~~s/spaces/cubicles for doctors and nurses should be provided within or adjacent to each ward.
Aauriur~(c) There may be provision for separate cabins along with a ward. In such cases, attached toilets to the cabins are also to be provided. In certain types of specialised hospitals, cabins are also provided with extra room for attendantslvisitors.
(d) O.P.D. in a hospital is equally important like the wards. It should be near the entrance to the hospital. O.P.D. may or may not be adjacent to the wards.
(e) Emergency ward should have a quick accessibility from the outside as well as from an operation theatre.
(f) There should be some doctors' rooms in or near the O.P.D.
(D) Assembly Bulldings
(i) Congregation space or main entrance foyer
(ii) Aasemblylauditorium proper, with or without a balcony
(jii) Activity areas, namely stage, greeddressing rooms, back stage
(iv) Property storage for new or old furniture, locker room
(v) Snack bar or canteen
(vi) Ticket counter facility, if the building is put to commercial use
(vii) Toilet facilities for visitors and for stagelback-stage persons
The importance of relative positioning of the elements is outlined as follows
(a) That foyer and auditorium should he adjacent to each other so that access to them from either place is direct.
(b) Secondary functional spaces like ticket counters, snack bars, restaurants, toilers, wailing spaces may form part of the foyer or be attached to it.
(c) The entry of audience should be separate from that of performnerslartistes.
(d) Likewise wtisteslperformers should have independent entrylexit to green minsldressing rooms, and their toilet facilities etc.
(E) Library
(i) Stack rrwm for boaks, magazines etc.
(ii) Reading hall with facilities like lending colmter, catalogue space, space for reading joumalsl~azineslnewspapers, exhibition space for new books etc.
(iii) Space for repairing, binding etc. of todold books
(iv) Space for the librarian to sit and a general office
(v) Toilets
Following considerations are imponant in the planning of these spaces :
(a) Reading room is the most important area in a library.
(b) Stack rooms are generally combined with the r e a d i i hall unless the library itself is very large.
(c) Book binding and book repairing room should be clos'e to the stack room.
(d) Librarian9s/Asstt. Librarian's room or his cubicle should be located prominently within or close to the reading hall.
(F) Research Laboratory or Institution~est House
(i) Work rooms, laboratories
(ii) Storage for chemicals and general equipmenVinstnunents
(iii) Staff room
(iv) Administrative office
(v) Toilets
(vi) Disposal storage
The relatively important considerations in this regard art, given as below :(a) Laboratories are the most important functional elements. Therefore, these should be close to chemical stores, if appropriate in a given situation.(b) Administrative office and publiclclient dealing should be near the entrance.
(c) Staff rooms and utility rooms need not be near the entrance and may be placed such that these are near the laboratories.
Business Buildings
Buildings in this group would be banks, computerised officeslcomputer halls, offices of professionals, government offices and the like. Functional requirements of these categories of buildings would be :
(A) Hank
(i) Public space for movement, waiting and transactions,
(ii) Work space for bank staff
(iii) Strong room for valuables and cash
(iv) Individual office rooms for the manager and other senior personnel
(v) ~ockerlvaul~ room
(vi) Toilets
The important points to be considered while planning the layout of a bank are listed as below :
(a) Public-space and the work-space should be as near the entrance as possible to facilitate smooth contact between bank staff and the customers.
(b) Strong room, vaultAocker room and record room should be kept inside in a delineated security zone. These could be in the basement, if there is one, meant for the purpose.
(c) However, toilets are not to be provided in basement floor as per the bye-laws of various municipalities and local bodies.
(d) Manager's room should he easily accessible from the publiclwork space.
(e) Other officers' rooms may or may not be adjacent to the publiclwork space, depending on the site-lay out, size etc.
(B) Offices of Professionals
(i) Working space for staff
(ii) Cubicles or rooms for managerial staff
(iii) Record room
(iv) Conference room
(v) Storage room
(vi) Library, if not a part of the conference room
(vii) Toilets
(viii) Utility room (tea/rniscellaneous storage)
Mercantile Buildings
Buildings in this group are shops, stores, marketslcooperative stores, canteens,restaurants etc. Functional requirements of each of these are as given under :
(A) Shop
(i) Storage and display spaces
(ii) Sales counters
(iii) Public space in front of cash counters
(iv) Toilet facilities for staff and customers
(v) Utility rooms including packaginglrepackaging areas
(B) Stores
(i) Rooms for storing different types of articles
(ii) Loading and unloading space
(iii) Office rooms
(iv) Staff rooms
(v) Toilets
(vi) Weighing and packaging rooms
(C) Marketslcooperative Stores
(i) Rooms for individual shops with accompanying storage facility for each room
(ii) Display counters
(iii) Movement space for customers
(iv) Walk-in and pick-up facility for purchasers
(v) Office room
(vi) Toilet
(vii) Weighing and packaging rooms(D) Canteens/Restaurants
(i) Dining tables and seating facility for customers with adequate circulation space
(ii) Cooking area with accompanying storage space including cold storage
(iii) Display space (food counters) specially for self-service cafetarias
(iv) Washing area for customers
(v) Washing space within or adjacent to kitchen for soiled utensils
(vi) Toilets for staff and customers
(vii) Staff rest room
The additional points to be noted with regard to mercantile buildings are given below Shops
(a) Display space should obviously be near the entrance. It may at times be required to be visible from outside to attract customers.
(b) Cash counter may or may not be with the sales counter. Stores
(a) Loading and unloading space may or may not be at the main entry
(b) Loading and unloading may be carried out from the same locations, or they may be separated as per requirement.
(c) Office room should be near the entry point
MarkeVCooperative Stores
(a) Rooms for similar articles should preferably be continuous/adjacent to each other, within the same cluster.
(b) Pick-up facility is provided only where self-service system is in vogue. Canteenmestaurant
(a) Customers' sitting place should be of prime importance. It should be oearer to the entrancelexit.
(b) Food counters should obviously be near the seating area specially where there is a system of self-service.
(c) Cooking area as well as washing place of utensils should not be visible from the customers' area.
(d) Toilet facilities for customers and workers should be separated, preferably not adjacent to each other.
Industrial Buildings
The spaces required to carry out the activities may vary from industry to industry. But, in general; such buildings contain the following units :
(i) Large production halls, as many as necessary
(ii) Storage of raw materials, including chemicals (if needed)
(iii) Storage forfinished goods and packaging area
(iv) Areas for checlung and testing arrangements within the production line
(v) Offices for management, cash and acco*ts
(vi) First aid centre and medical offiker's room
(vii) Toilet facilities for staff and management
(viii) Spaces for receiving and despatching of goods
For these type of buildings the following may be noted :
(a) Storage of raw material should preferably be' near the production area for quick movement.
(b) Checking and testing (quality control) area may have to be provided near both the raw material stores as well as finished goods stores, specially for export oriented products where customs checking is also required.
(c) Finished goods storage (which is generally kept under greater security) should preferably be closer to the production hall for reduced carriagellraisport costs.
(d) Cash office is generally provided in a closed and secured enclosure adjacent to the room of the officer in charge of cash.
Storage Buildings
This group includes grain godowns, silos, cargo complexes, bulk storages for consumcr durables. medicine godowns and others. Their requirements would be as given under :
(i) Large storage roornslhalls for the different materials including cold-storage rooms for perishables, chemical etc.
(ii) Air-conditioning plant room
(iii) Loading and unloading spaces
(iv) Bays for inventory check-up and weightinglinspection facilities
(v) Receipt and despatch rooms
(vi) Offices
(vii) Toilets
(viii) Foyerslfront room/staff rest rooms
For these type of buildings, the following points may be noted
(a) As already indicated for stores, loading and unloading areas may be at the same location or may be kept at separate locations as needed.
(b) Office should as usual be near the entry.
(c) Receipt and inventory check-up should be near to each other or in the same enclosure.
(d) Air-conditioning plant room should be given similar consideration as mentioned for computer installations.
Hazardous Buildings
In this group, the general requirements are as given under :
(i) Storage rooms for different types of toxic/obnoxious/dangerous materials
(ii) Testing laboratories and disposal plantslareas
(iii) Air-conditioning plant room
(iv) Administrative offices
(v) Toilets
(vi) Staff rest rooms including canteen facilities
The important points to be considered in the planning of this category of buildings are as given below :
(a) Storage of toxic material should be given careful protection as provided in the relevant Acts and Laws concerning the same.
(b) Such store should preferably be kept in a separate building.
(c) Adequate moving space around for fire engines should be provided, besides fire fighting systems for this group of buildings.
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