Defects in Excavation Works

Some of the defects observed in excavation works are as follows:

1. Classification of soil not correctly done with framing the estimate. Bulk of the soil was taken as soft soil. In actual execution most of the soil was found hard soil. 
2. The benchmarks left for measurement of excavation was found disturbed. 
3. The peace for disposal of excavated was not predetermined. 
4. In a project earth from excavation was disposed off to a great distance outside the site after paying lead charges and later earth had to be brought from outside for filling operations.