Water Supply, Plumbing

Water Supply 

Remember that a Water Supply Scheme must be progressed as a whole the source, pumping plant,  treatment,  pipeline and distribution system. Delay in any  of these stages will render the execution ineffective. Work out a coordinated plan for timely completion of  all items. 

Sources 

Rivers 

1. While laying intake pi& ensure that its inlet is protected by a suitable manhole of honey comb construction. 
2. In case of infiltration gallery, ensure that while embedding slotted pipes, the slotted half of the pipe circumference is facing  downward. 
3. In order to cater  for variation in the water level, the intake pipes and the infiltration  galleries  should be laid at different levels. 
4. Ensure that inlet to the jack well is provided  with requisite number of valves to control the flow: 
5. The jack well  should be constructed in compartments to facilitate maintenance. 

Springs 

1. Ensure all loose soil is removed from near the spring to lay bare trim unwound or bed  rock for flow of water. 
2. The outlet &om spring must be properly protected against pollution. 

Tubewells 

1. Before undertaking well boring, obtain geologist's recommendations in regard to the exact location. 
2. Based on the likely strata, choose the proper type of rig. Rotary machine is better for alluvial strata while percussion machine is more dependable for rocky strata. 
3. Before starting the well boring operation ensure all administrative requirements like supply of water for drilling, supply of  fuel  and lubricants and  adequate cover for day to day repair  and maintenance is available at site. 
4. While the drilling is in progress keep carefully samples of the various strata in the  sample box. 
5. Keep record of the depths  at each change of strata. This will ensure that at later stage slotted pipes are located at the rights depth to tap water. 
6. Check that the bore is in plumb. A crooked bore will make the installation of pump difficult. 
7. While installing the tubewell pipe, ensure solid and  slotted pipes are at correct depths. Keep record  of the  composition of entire length of pipe. 
8. Carry out proper  development of the well and test its  yield. 
9. While finishing the well ensure gravel packing is provided  around the pipe. 
10. Top of the well must be protected  against pollution  from surface water, Provide  adequate  PCC floor around the pipe. 

Shallow Wells 

1. While digging  shallow  wells ensure that  springs in the wells are not choked up by  masonry  lining. 
2. Seining of sound design should be  provided  where required. Take help of  a designer to check it if necessary. 
3. Make provision of platform for installation of pumps  while  constructing tnasonry well.